Because the Gospel narratives always record Jesus teaching in the Temple, while he and his disciples were in Jerusalem, the mention of his teaching in a synagogue in Luke 13:10 seems to imply his visit to Jerusalem was over, and he was now in Galilee. It was the Sabbath day, and, while Jesus was teaching in the synagogue (Luke 13:11-12), he saw a woman who had a spirit of infirmity for eighteen years. Her back was bent, so that she couldn’t straighten up.
When Jesus saw the woman, he called her to come to him (Luke 13:12-13), and, when she did, he healed her. For the first time in eighteen years she was able to lift herself up. Suddenly, she could stand and could lift her back straight up, and she glorified God.
One might consider this great news, but the ruler of the synagogue spoke to the woman and the congregation, saying the Sabbath was not the time to come to be healed (Luke 13:14). It should be noted that he didn’t address Jesus directly, which is quite odd. Why wouldn’t he address Jesus? Certainly, the Jewish authorities weren’t shy about speaking with him on other occasions. Some even confronted him, when they didn’t agree with his behavior.
It may be that, after Jesus’ disagreement with the authorities in Jerusalem, that he had been put out of the synagogue (cf. John 9:22; 12:42). Therefore, the ruler of the synagogue didn’t address Jesus directly, because he was no longer recognized as a member of Jewish society. In such a case, he would have been ostracized in public gatherings, ignored as though he wasn’t present (cf. Luke 23:35). This is the last occasion where any of the Gospel writers record that Jesus visited a synagogue. The manner in which Luke records the event, i.e. the ruler ignoring Jesus, may imply that Jesus had been excommunicated from Jewish society (cf. Mark 13:9; John 15:20; 16:2), and may no longer have been considered a Jew by the Jewish authorities.
On the other hand, Jesus was not in the habit of ignoring anyone, and he addressed both the ruler of the synagogue and those Jewish leaders with him, referring to them as hypocrites (Luke 13:15). Jesus’ response to his enemies exposed their hypocrisy. He showed how on the Sabbath day, they excuse their own behavior of loosening the restraints on their animals, feeding them, and leading them to water. How could they excuse their own behavior that comforts mere animals, but be so unsympathetic toward a member of their own community, who had been held in bondage to a disability for eighteen years? How could they say she shouldn’t have been healed on the Sabbath day? Their priorities were biased and illogical. Their doctrines had no support in the word of God.
By being publicly brought into account for their merciless attitude toward the disabled woman, Jesus enemies were brought to shame (Luke 13:17). On the other hand, the people rejoiced and glorified God for what Jesus had done.
How the people responded in Luke 13:17 is quite different from what we saw in Luke 12. This seems to imply that it was a different crowd. The people in Luke 12 were pilgrims from all over the world, and their guarded response toward Jesus expressed their loyalty to or perhaps fear of the Jewish authorities, especially the Jewish priesthood at the Temple. Nevertheless, the people in Luke 13:17 seem very willing to take Jesus’ side. The implication is that these people had seen Jesus’ miracles before and were not as guarded in their attitude toward him when choosing between him and the authorities. While such an attitude didn’t place them solidly behind Jesus, it does show they were more apt to consider Jesus’ claims for themselves, and less apt to be intimidated by men who opposed Jesus.
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6 responses to “Was Jesus Excommunicated?”
I like what you say here, Shari, but given the ‘non-reaction’ by the synagogue leader toward Jesus, himself, but his willingness to rebuke the people of the congregation–this seems to point to some degree of ostracism formed against Jesus. I’m not privy enough to Jewish authority and its disciplinary practices to say with confidence what that was. For example, because the man born blind, whom Jesus healed, had the self-discipline to stand up for Jesus against the authorities, he was cast out of the synagogues, in other words he was excommunicated. Yet, no mark is said to have been placed upon him. What other things may have been done, is not said. So, this is where I am now.
Don’t know how this helps you with your question, but this is all I have at the moment. Lord bless you.